What condition is characterized by uterine scarring and can lead to secondary amenorrhea?

Asherman's syndrome is a condition that involves the formation of scar tissue in the uterus, often as a consequence of previous surgeries, such as a dilation and curettage (D&C), cesarean section, or other uterine trauma. This scarring can lead to a variety of reproductive issues, including secondary amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstrual periods in a woman who has previously menstruated.

In Asherman's syndrome, the scarring can disrupt the normal architecture of the uterine lining, impeding the menstrual cycle and causing the uterus to be unable to shed its lining during menstruation. This can lead to the condition of secondary amenorrhea, where menstruation stops after it has previously been established.

Other conditions mentioned, such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome, are less directly associated with uterine scarring and secondary amenorrhea. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is related to fertility treatments, endometriosis primarily involves the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, and polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder that affects ovulation and may cause irregular menstruation but does not inherently involve uterine scarring.