What is one characteristic of the Somogyi effect?

The Somogyi effect is characterized by nocturnal hypoglycemia, which then leads to a rebound phenomenon resulting in morning hyperglycemia. This response occurs because the body reacts to the low blood sugar levels during the night by releasing counter-regulatory hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine. These hormones promote gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels, which explains the morning hyperglycemia.

This scenario distinguishes the Somogyi effect from other conditions like the dawn phenomenon, which does not involve a preceding hypoglycemic episode. Understanding the characteristic sequence of nocturnal hypoglycemia followed by morning hyperglycemia is crucial in managing diabetes, particularly for patients who are taking insulin. The management often includes monitoring blood glucose levels overnight, adjusting insulin dosages, or modifying meal plans to prevent the hypoglycemic episodes that trigger this response.