What is the likelihood of reactivation of tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients per year?

In HIV-positive patients, the likelihood of reactivation of tuberculosis (TB) is significantly elevated due to the immunocompromised state induced by the virus. This population faces a higher risk not only for developing active TB but also for reactivating latent TB infections. The risk of reactivation in this context is typically estimated to be around 7-10% per year, especially among those with advanced HIV disease or low CD4 counts.

This elevated rate can be attributed to the reduction in the immune system's ability to control the TB bacillus, leading to a higher probability of reactivation of dormant infections. In contrast, the rates of reactivation for the general population are much lower, usually around 5-10% in their lifetime.

Understanding this risk is crucial for the management of HIV-positive patients, particularly in areas where TB is endemic or among individuals with a known past history of TB. Regular screening and preventive measures are essential components of care in this vulnerable group to mitigate the heightened risk of TB reactivation.