What is the most prevalent form of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder?

Graves disease is the most prevalent form of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder. In this condition, the immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to overproduce thyroid hormones. This results in an increase in metabolic activity throughout the body, leading to symptoms commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, such as weight loss, heat intolerance, anxiety, and increased heart rate.

Graves disease is distinct in that it not only causes hyperthyroidism but also can lead to additional manifestations such as Graves' ophthalmopathy, which is characterized by eye issues due to inflammation and swelling of the tissues behind the eyes. The autoimmune nature of Graves disease is critical, as the antibodies produced target the TSH receptor, causing the continuous stimulation of hormone production.

The other conditions listed do not represent the predominant type of hyperthyroidism due to autoimmune processes. While Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune condition affecting the thyroid, it typically leads to hypothyroidism rather than hyperthyroidism. Thyroiditis refers to inflammation of the thyroid, which can be due to various causes, including autoimmune processes but does not specifically promote hyperthyroidism like Graves disease does. Subacute thyroiditis may cause transient hyperthyroidism, but it is not an autoimmune disorder and usually results from viral