What symptom is associated with left-sided heart failure?

Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is strongly associated with left-sided heart failure due to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, a condition known as pulmonary congestion. In left-sided heart failure, the left ventricle becomes unable to effectively pump blood out to the body, leading to increased pressures in the pulmonary circulation. As a result, fluid leaks into the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing, particularly during exertion or when lying flat (orthopnea). This symptom can significantly impact the quality of life for patients suffering from this form of heart failure as it affects their ability to engage in normal activities and can lead to extreme discomfort.

Peripheral edema is typically more associated with right-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the systemic circulation. Jaundice is not a common symptom of heart failure but may indicate liver dysfunction. The hepatojugular reflex pertains more to right heart failure and signs of right-sided fluid overload. Each of these symptoms points to different aspects and consequences of heart failure, but dyspnea remains the hallmark sign of left-sided heart failure due to its direct relationship with pulmonary congestion.