What type of fetal heart deceleration is associated with umbilical cord compression?

Variable decelerations are characteristic of umbilical cord compression. This type of deceleration is defined by a sudden drop in fetal heart rate that can vary in duration and intensity, typically occurring with contractions. The variable nature of these decelerations is attributed to transient cord compression, often due to factors such as oligohydramnios or abnormal fetal positioning.

Understanding this type of deceleration is critical in monitoring fetal well-being during labor because it can indicate compromised blood flow and fetal oxygenation when the umbilical cord is compressed. In contrast, early decelerations are usually benign and coincide with contractions without significant concern, while late decelerations are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency and are more serious. Recurrent decelerations refer to patterns of deceleration that occur frequently and are often associated with underlying pathological conditions. Thus, recognizing variable decelerations as a sign of umbilical cord compression allows for timely interventions to ensure the safety of the fetus.