Which class of oral diabetes medications increases insulin sensitivity at peripheral receptor sites in adipose and muscle tissue?

Thiazolidinediones are a class of oral diabetes medications that primarily work by increasing insulin sensitivity, particularly at peripheral receptor sites in adipose (fat) and muscle tissues. This enhanced sensitivity allows the body's cells to respond more effectively to insulin, facilitating better utilization of glucose and reducing overall blood sugar levels.

One of the key mechanisms by which thiazolidinediones operate is through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), specifically PPAR-gamma. This action promotes the uptake of glucose by the cells and enhances lipid metabolism, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. As a result, patients taking thiazolidinediones can experience better control of their blood glucose levels in conjunction with their overall metabolic health.

In contrast, the other classes of medications mentioned have different mechanisms of action. GLP-1 agonists primarily focus on enhancing insulin secretion in response to meals and also suppress glucagon secretion, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors work by increasing the levels of incretin hormones which help regulate insulin and glucagon. SGLT-2 inhibitors promote the excretion of glucose through the urine by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. Each of these classes serves important roles in diabetes management but does not specifically enhance insulin