Which drug used to treat tuberculosis is known for causing ototoxicity?

Streptomycin is known for causing ototoxicity, which is a potential side effect that can lead to hearing loss or balance issues. This is particularly significant because ototoxicity can occur due to the drug's effect on the inner ear, specifically damaging the hair cells responsible for hearing and balance. Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and other drugs within this class can also exhibit similar toxic effects on the auditory system.

In the context of tuberculosis treatment, knowledge of side effects is crucial for monitoring patients on long-term therapy. It's important to distinguish between the first-line antitubercular medications. Other drugs listed, such as ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampin, do not typically cause ototoxicity, although they have their own specific side effects and monitoring requirements. For instance, ethambutol can lead to optic neuritis, isoniazid has a risk for hepatotoxicity, and rifampin can cause liver issues and affect the metabolism of other drugs. Understanding the specific toxicities linked to each medication helps in providing comprehensive care and monitoring in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis.