Which hepatitis virus is known to have a high mortality rate in pregnancy due to fulminant hepatitis?

Hepatitis E is particularly noteworthy due to its association with a high mortality rate during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. The reason for this increased risk is multifactorial but is primarily attributed to the immune changes occurring during pregnancy, which make the liver more susceptible to the severe effects of the virus. The infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis, characterized by rapid liver failure, which poses a significant danger not just to the mother but also to the fetus.

In contrast, while other hepatitis viruses, such as Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C, have known implications during pregnancy, their mortality rates are considerably lower compared to those seen with Hepatitis E. For instance, Hepatitis B can cause complications for the mother and newborn but does not reach the same levels of mortality. Similarly, Hepatitis A generally presents with a benign disease course in pregnant women, and while Hepatitis C carries its own risks, it is not associated with fulminant hepatitis to the same extent as Hepatitis E. Hence, recognizing the distinct risks associated with Hepatitis E in pregnancy is crucial for both maternal and fetal health.